An Eco-Efficiency Assessment of Bio-Based Diesel Substitutes: A Case Study in Thailand

The development of new bio-based diesel substitutes can improve their compatibility with engines. Nevertheless, for actual implementation, environmental and economic performance needs to be studied. This study quantified the eco-efficiency three diesels, viz., fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), partially hydrogenated FAME (H-FAME), bio-hydrogenated (BHD), address perspective producers as well policymakers implementing advanced alternatives. was assessed a ratio life cycle costing indicator different damages—human health, ecosystem quality, resource availability. most favorable among all potential regard human health but least availability impact. Even though BHD beneficial in terms costing, it preferable when considering performed best H-FAME also promising, line FAME. It is suggested that technologies production should improved, especially catalyst used, which contributed greatly impacts costs.